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Pronouns & Basic Sentence Structure
Personal pronouns, strict verb-second (V2) word order and basic questions
mig, dig, honom, henne, den/det, oss, er, dem
object pronouns
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Distinct forms used when the pronoun is the object
jag→mig, du→dig
subject vs object pronoun forms
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Just like English "I" vs "me"
min/mitt/mina, din/ditt/dina
possessive pronouns (agree with the noun)
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Possessives change to match the noun's gender and number
sin/sitt/sina
reflexive possessive (his/her own)
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Refers back to the subject of the same clause
Igår såg jag en film.
Yesterday I saw a film. (V2 after a fronted element)
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Fronting "yesterday" still keeps the verb in second position
man
impersonal "one/you/people"
man
A very common way to make general statements
den här/det här/de här vs den där/det där/de där
this vs that (demonstratives)
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Gender/number-agreeing near vs far demonstratives
vem, vad, var, när, varför, hur
who, what, where, when, why, how
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Core question words
Vem är du?
Who are you? (wh-question with normal V2 order)
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The question word simply takes the first slot
du/ni
informal universal "you" vs the old formal "you"
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The old formal ni has largely fallen out of everyday use