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Past Tenses, Future & Aspect
Aorist, imperfect, perfect tense, future with θα and the imperfective/perfective aspect
Εναλλαγή θέματος: εξακολουθητικό vs συνοπτικό
Perfective vs imperfective stem alternation
GHRAHF- vs GHRAHPS-
Two stems distinguish ongoing from completed action
Σχηματισμός αορίστου: αλλαγές θέματος
Building the aorist: stem changes
φ→ψ, ζ→σ, κ→ξ
Consonant shifts convert present stems into aorist stems
Παρακείμενος: έχω γράψει
Present perfect: I have written
EH-khoh GHRAH-psee
έχω + invariant perfective participle-like form
Υπερσυντέλικος: είχα γράψει
Past perfect: I had written
EE-khah GHRAH-psee
Describes an action completed before another past action
Μέλλοντας συντελεσμένος: θα έχω γράψει
Future perfect: I will have written
thah EH-khoh GHRAH-psee
Describes an action that will be completed by a future point
θα + όψη: μελλοντική διάρκεια vs ένα γεγονός
θα + aspect: ongoing vs single future event
-
Aspect choice under θα changes the shape of the future meaning
Όψη στην υποτακτική: να γράφω vs να γράψω
Aspect in the subjunctive
nah GHRAH-foh vs nah GHRAH-psoh
Same aspect contrast extends into the να-clause
Όψη στην προστακτική: γράφε! vs γράψε!
Aspect in the imperative
GHRAH-feh vs GHRAH-pseh
"keep writing" vs "write it (once)"
Παθητικός αόριστος: κατάληξη -θηκα
Passive aorist formation: -θηκα ending
KHAH-thee-kah
χάθηκα = I got lost — the standard passive past ending
Ακολουθία χρόνων στην αφήγηση
Sequence of tenses in narration
-
Imperfect sets the scene; aorist advances the story's events