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Pronouns & Sentence Structure

Personal and attached pronouns, and nominal versus verbal sentences.
كَانَ الجَوُّ جَمِيلًا
the weather was nice
kaana al-jawwu jamiilan
kana makes the predicate accusative
إِنَّ الطَّالِبَ مُجْتَهِدٌ
indeed the student is diligent
inna at-taaliba mujtahidun
inna makes its subject accusative
أَصْبَحَ الجَوُّ بَارِدًا
the weather became cold
asbaha al-jawwu baaridan
A sister of kana
لَيْسَ الكِتَابُ جَدِيدًا
the book is not new
laysa al-kitaabu jadiidan
laysa negates a nominal sentence
لَعَلَّ المَطَرَ يَنْزِلُ
perhaps the rain will fall
la'alla al-matara yanzilu
A sister of inna
إِيَّاكَ
you alone (object)
iyyaaka
A detached object pronoun for emphasis
نَفْسُهُ
himself
nafsuhu
Emphasis using nafs
كِلَا الرَّجُلَيْنِ
both men
kilaa ar-rajulayni
A dual emphasis word
ضَمِيرُ الفَصْلِ
the pronoun of separation
damiir al-fasl
Separates subject and predicate for clarity
هُوَ المُدِيرُ
he is the manager
huwa al-mudiiru
huwa here is a pronoun of separation