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Adjectives & Adverbs
Adjective placement, comparison, adverb formation, degree words
Adjective order before nouns
multiple adjectives before noun
varies
Büyük güzel ev = big beautiful house; no rigid ordering rule in Turkish
Predicate adjectives
adjectives as sentence predicates
varies
Ev büyük = The house is big; adjective + copula suffix
Adverb formation: no suffix needed
adjectives function as adverbs
varies
Hızlı koş = run fast; same form serves as adjective and adverb
Adverbs of manner: -ce/-ca
in the manner of suffix
-jeh/-jah
Güzelce = nicely/carefully; Türkçe = in Turkish (manner of)
Intensifiers: çok, oldukça, son derece
very, quite, extremely
chok, ol-dook-chah, son deh-reh-jeh
Çok is basic; oldukça = quite/rather; son derece = extremely
Comparison: -den daha
more than (comparative with ablative)
-den dah-hah
Bu evden daha büyük = bigger than this house; ablative marks standard
Absolute superlative: en
the most (superlative)
en
En büyük şehir = the biggest city; en precedes adjective
Equative: kadar
as...as
kah-dahr
Senin kadar akıllı = as smart as you; kadar follows standard of comparison
Color terms and their use
basic and compound colors
varies
Kırmızı (red), mavi (blue), yeşil (green); açık mavi = light blue
Participial adjectives: -en/-an
verbal adjective modifying nouns
-en/-ahn
Koşan çocuk = the running child; -en participle from koşmak