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Pronouns & Basic Sentence Structure
Personal pronouns, SVO order, to be (być) and basic questions
ja, ty, on, ona, ono
I, you, he, she, it
ya, ti, on, o-na, o-no
Singular personal pronouns
my, wy, oni, one
we, you (pl), they (m), they (f/n)
mi, vi, o-ni, o-ne
oni = masc. group; one = non-masc. group
być: jestem, jesteś, jest
to be: I am, you are, he is
yes-tem, yes-tesh, yest
być is the most important irregular verb
być: jesteśmy, jesteście, są
to be: we are, you are, they are
yes-tesh-mi, yes-tesh-che, som
są = they are (irregular plural)
Porządek SVO
SVO word order
S-V-O
Polish is SVO but word order is flexible for emphasis
Podmiot często opuszczany
Subject pronoun often dropped
pro-drop
Jestem studentem (not ja jestem) is natural
To jest...
This is...
to yest
To jest książka = This is a book
Jak masz na imię? Mam na imię...
What's your name? My name is...
yak mash na ee-mye
Lit. 'How are you named?' 'I am named...'
Skąd jesteś?
Where are you from?
skompt yes-tesh
Skąd = from where
Tak / Nie
Yes / No
tak / nye
Basic affirmative and negative