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Negation & Questions

Negative forms, question words and the particle か
否定の種類
types of negation
nai / masen / zu
Plain, polite, and literary negation
～ず(に) — without
-zu (ni) — without (literary)
-zu ni
食べずに = without eating (formal)
～ない+で vs ～なくて
naide vs nakute
naide / nakute
naide = without doing; nakute = not and (cause)
二重否定
double negation
nakute wa naranai
～なくてはならない = must (lit. won't do if not)
部分否定 vs 全否定
partial vs total negation
amari / zenzen
あまり…ない (not very); 全然…ない (not at all)
否定疑問への返答
answering negative questions
hai/iie reversal
はい can confirm the negative; care needed
修辞疑問
rhetorical questions
rhetorical ka
～ではないか = isn't it...? (rhetorical)
か / かどうか の埋め込み
embedding ka / ka dou ka
embedded questions
Indirect questions in larger sentences
～わけではない
-wake dewa nai (it's not that)
wake dewa nai
Partial denial: it's not (necessarily) that...
～しかない vs ～だけ
shika nai vs dake
shika / dake
Nuance difference in expressing 'only'