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Nouns & Plurals

Forming the plural

Add -s after a vowel

The basic plural.

📊 Plurals
Singular ending Plural Example
vowel + s libros
consonant + es papeles
-z → -ces lápices
accent may shift - exámenes
💬 Examples
libro → libros
book → books
📝 Vowel + s
casa → casas
house → houses
📝 Regular -s plural
Add -es after a consonant

For consonant-final nouns.

💬 Examples
papel → papeles
paper → papers
📝 Consonant + es
ciudad → ciudades
city → cities
📝 -d → -des
-z becomes -ces

A spelling change.

💬 Examples
lápiz → lápices
pencil → pencils
📝 z → c before es
luz → luces
light → lights
📝 -z → -ces