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The Copula 'to be'

A suffix in the present

'To be' is a suffix in the present

-am, -i, -ast, -im, -id, -and.

📊 'To be' (present suffix)
Pronoun Suffix Example
man -am خوشحالم
to -i خوشحالی
u -ast (است) معلم است
mā -im خوشحالیم
shomā -id خوشحالید
ānhā -and خوشحال‌اند
💬 Examples
من خوشحالم.
man xoshhāl-am.
I am happy.
📝 -am = I am (attached)
او معلم است.
u moallem ast.
He/She is a teacher.
📝 است = is
The verb comes at the end (SOV)

Persian is subject-object-verb.

💬 Examples
من فارسی یاد می‌گیرم.
man fārsi yād migiram.
I am learning Persian.
📝 Verb at the end
این کتاب خوب است.
in ketāb xub ast.
This book is good.
📝 است at the end
هست emphasizes existence

هست = 'there is / does exist'.

💬 Examples
آیا وقت هست؟
āyā vaqt hast?
Is there time?
📝 هست = there is (existence)
نان هست.
nān hast.
There is bread.
📝 Existential هست