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Intermediate
Particles に, で, へ
Time, place, direction
に marks time, destination, indirect object
A multi-purpose particle.
📊 に vs で vs へ
Particle
Use
Example
に
time, destination, existence
七時に, 日本に
で
place of action, means
家で, 電車で
へ
direction (≈ に)
東京へ
💬 Examples
七時に起きます。
Shichi-ji ni okimasu.
(I) get up at seven.
📝 に for a point in time
学校に行きます。
Gakkō ni ikimasu.
(I) go to school.
📝 に for destination
で marks the place of an action or the means
Where something happens, or how.
💬 Examples
図書館で勉強します。
Toshokan de benkyō shimasu.
(I) study at the library.
📝 で = place of action
電車で行きます。
Densha de ikimasu.
(I) go by train.
📝 で = means of transport
へ marks direction (often = に)
Read 'e'.
💬 Examples
東京へ行きます。
Tōkyō e ikimasu.
(I) go to Tokyo.
📝 へ = direction (read 'e')
家へ帰ります。
Ie e kaerimasu.
(I) return home.
📝 へ ≈ に for movement