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Gerund & Present Participle

The -ndo forms

Gerund: -ando / -endo

'Doing'.

💬 Examples
parlando
speaking
📝 -are → -ando
scrivendo
writing
📝 -ere/-ire → -endo
stare + gerund = progressive

'To be doing' right now.

📊 -ndo and participle forms
Form Use Example
gerund (-ando/-endo) while / by doing mangiando
stare + gerund progressive sto leggendo
present participle (-ante/-ente) as an adjective interessante
💬 Examples
Sto mangiando.
I am eating.
📝 stare + gerund
Stavo dormendo.
I was sleeping.
📝 Past progressive
Gerund also means 'while/by doing'

Adverbial use.

💬 Examples
Sbagliando si impara.
One learns by making mistakes.
📝 gerund = by doing
Camminando, pensavo.
Walking, I was thinking.
📝 Simultaneous action