Three aspects combine with tense
Each pairs with present or past होna.
📊 Aspect × tense (करना)
| Aspect | Present | Past |
| habitual | करता है | करता था |
| continuous | कर रहा है | कर रहा था |
| perfective | किया है | किया था |
💬 Examples
करता है / कर रहा है / किया है
kartā hai / kar rahā hai / kiyā hai
does / is doing / has done
📝 Three aspects, present auxiliary
करता था / कर रहा था / किया था
kartā thā / kar rahā thā / kiyā thā
used to do / was doing / had done
📝 Same aspects, past auxiliary